Why is the 40 yard dash still the fundamental speed test in football?
Many writers have pointed out — most recently in ESPN The Magazine’s February issue — that running in a straight line for a longer distance than players typically cover in a single play is not an accurate measure of football speed.
The ESPN magazine article, Rush To Judgment, by Eddie Matz, breaks down the 40, both historically and stage by stage. Paul Brown was probably the first to use the dash when he was coaching the Cleveland Browns in the 1940s. (Brown’s also credited with inventing film study, calling in plays from the sideline and sequestering players the night before games.)
The dash took a few years to catch on with other teams, but nowadays it’s such an important part of the evaluation process that a tenth of a second can be the difference between a scholarship (or a draft pick) and nothing. So players spend months perfecting the run.
Turns out, speed can be taught.
In his 2006 book, The Draft, Pete Williams chronicled players’ efforts to shave their 40 times before the all-important
NFL combine. They learn all the tricks: hand and feet placement in the starting crouch, the optimum number of strides to take, how to put the maximum amount of force into the opening steps, and how to run through the tape as if the race was actually 45 yards long. Accelerating through the finish is important because sprinters don’t reach top speed until about the 55-yard mark.
Jerry Rice is perhaps the best argument against the 40, as Stuart Mandel writes in Bowls, Polls and Tattered Souls. Despite an
outstanding college career, Rice’s perceived potential dropped after scouts discovered he couldn’t break 4.6 in the 40.
He therefore fell to the sixteenth pick — behind receivers Eddie Brown of Miami and Al Toon of Wisconsin — where he was selected by the San Francisco 49ers, for whom he would win four Super Bowls and establish himself as unquestionably the greatest receiver in NFL history.
So why is the 40 so widely used, when a better measure of football ability might be the 10- or 20-yard split? Because it’s lengthy enough to hand time with fair accuracy. Because its long use gives us a historical reference that helps us gauge players against each other.
And coaches cling to any tangible sign that a player can make it at the next level. High school statistics are perhaps the best indicator that a player will perform well in college, but they’re not perfect, given variances in the quality of competition and teammates. In a world of doubt, a stopwatch reading 4.42 is a comforting and concrete sight.



